Google makes available certain search focus tools called syntax. Syntax allows the user to query for keywords situated in particular locations of the webpage document. Depending on the purpose of the inquiry, this can bring additional features into use.
The following are many of the major syntaxes allowable by Google, and available in many other search engines as well.
cache: |
Searching will be restricted to urls with designated filename extensions. Some of these include html, htm, asp, cgi and php. Keep in mind that Google will also index many Microsoft formats such as PowerPoint (.ppt), Excel (xls), and Word (.doc). |
filetype: |
Inclusion of this syntax into the searchbox requests the search engine to find a copy of the page Google previously indexed, but is no longer available at its original url. |
intitle: |
Webpages returned will have the keywords in the query included in the Title tag. These searches assume that keywords present on the page are of major importance if they are included in this tag. Allintitle: is a variation of this syntax, but has some restrictions where utilized in conjunction with other syntaxes or operators.
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intext: |
This command will activate a search only in the text of web documents. This is especially beneficial where a keyword is often a routine part of urls, tags, or links - such as http or html.
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inanchor: |
Hunts for keywords in the text portion of a page link anchors.
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insite: |
Looks for keywords within a website, but not within subdirectories.
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inurl: |
Looks for keywords in the main sites plus subdirectories.
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link: |
This direction will list the pages linking to a specified url. You don't need to include the http://, but it will not hinder the listing if you have it. Identifying the TLD will show backlinks and internal links pointing to the home page of the site. But using the file extensions enables lists of the deeper internal areas of the website as well.
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related: |
This will locate pages related to a specified webpage. For instance, related:google.com brings in a roll of various search engines.
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info: |
This is a very extensive potential provider of data and information. A page of links to more information on a url, to the url's cache, a list of sites linking to the url, pages related to the url and webpages that contain the url are provided.
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phonebook: |
Looks up telephone numbers and provides the owner, or vice versa. Rphonebook: restricts the inquiry to residential listings; Bphonebook: searches business listings only.
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